新視覺私人影院青蘋果
許羽花 41133萬字 43819人讀過 連載
蜜月后時隔五年又一次去了海南三亞，這次是帶著爸媽親子游行程。吃海椰，品海鮮，享受海灘和陽光，已輕車熟路。三亞灣藍雨公寓無敵海景三房二廳908元一晚有WIFI，周邊有超市、水果店、餐館、早餐店、車站、夜宵店、酒吧等，公寓對面就是椰夢長廊。福灣梅諾卡酒店豪華泳池雙臥別墅1300一晚有WIFI（但是是壞的），度假村內有超市、水果店、餐館、市區班車、海鮮排擋等，福灣梅諾卡酒店有私人沙灘，并時時有內循環電車接送。去程機票1238回程機票2720三亞灣藍雨公寓*4天908一晚海棠灣別墅*2天1300一晚海南三亞好漢坡南田溫泉*2人156呀諾達門票*2人376出海一日游*2人596亞龍灣環球城BBQ*2人316美高梅度假酒店下午茶*2人158 （周末）餐費20009座商務車租金350/天4天油費300元共計人均5100元梅諾卡度假酒店源于地中海西岸巴利阿里群島(Balearic Islands)第二大島梅諾卡島(Minorca)，一座像月亮般的西班牙環海小島，梅諾卡度假酒店遠離嘈雜的三亞市區，對于愛清靜的來說，這里就是片世外桃源，嚴格來說這里不是一般的酒店，是私人住宅區，西班牙特色別墅群，環境安靜，相比星級酒店性價比超高，享受著星級酒店般的體驗，但價格卻十分優惠。梅諾卡度假酒店位于福灣，遠離三亞市區，從三亞沿G98海南環線高速可以到達。目前并沒有從鳳凰機場可以到達的班車或公交。且由于梅諾卡度假酒店其實是商品房，大多出租的別墅或公寓都是委托物業代為管理的，所以預訂梅諾卡度假酒店房間后，梅諾卡度假酒店并沒有接機服務，需要游客自行到達，所以給一般不能自駕的游客帶來不便。雖然交通不便對梅諾卡度假酒店人氣有一定影響，但整個酒店服務與設施卻完全不遜色于四五星酒店，首先是價格，在訂房最貴的2月，預訂一間帶泳池的兩房一廳獨棟別墅，每晚報價1300元，度假村擁有優質的綠化，公共景觀休閑區和獨立沙灘。與五年前住過三亞悅榕莊相比，其環境設施不亞于三亞悅榕莊，但住宿價格卻是悅榕莊的零頭，其優惠的價格非常適合家庭旅行度假。梅諾卡度假酒店分為一期二期與三期，一期二期大多為獨棟別墅，其中有少量公寓樓，這些別墅與公寓都是對外銷售的全精裝商品房，一期二期已全部銷售完畢，新建三期建筑住宅區大多是高層公寓房，目前在期房銷售中。這些精裝商品房售出后，有些業主作為養老使用，有些則節假日前來度假，大多數時間都有物業托管租借使用。呵呵，以上介紹搞得和房屋銷售一樣?！芭_工作人員的服務態度都很禮貌，辦理完入住手續后，由服務生，帶我們入住并講解注意事項及度假村的所有服務項目。在梅諾卡度假酒店中大部分別墅房型都是一模一樣的西班牙建筑風格?！鴦e墅套房雖然占地面積不算大，但五臟俱全，大門入口處有個小廚房，如果入住的客人需要使用灶臺，可以喝前臺說，他們會提供相應數量的鍋碗瓢盆，供客人自行烹飪食物。當然梅諾卡度假酒店周邊沒有大超市與菜場，自行烹飪的想法很好，但實現起來估計還得等上將來周邊設施的發展。▲走過露天內院，然后是干凈亮堂的客廳南北通風，西班牙內飾設計華麗美觀，給予客人一種舒適并至如歸的感覺，冰箱電視等應有竟有?！?外泳池不算很大，但足夠一家人度假使用了，內置循環過濾系統，24小時工作?！鴥?室風格不一，各種高大上的度假享受。如果告訴你這里的精裝房，每坪才10000至12000你相信嘛？▲飄窗浴缸，如果我不告訴你這里是私宅，你一定會以為這里是酒店?！鴦e墅的兩個浴室一個是露天，一個是半露天的，當然在房子設計之初，相信設計師也不會想到，三亞的冬天也有20度以下的天氣溫度。所以呢，大冬天在室外洗澡，有點涼。還好熱水比較給力，不然一定會感冒?！鼓幌碌姆?間照片?！?入住后唯一不足的是房間的WIFI服務似乎一直存在著鏈接問，總之無法鏈接，所以全程我們使用了華為喵王移動WIFI上網。▲度假村的的綠化面積很大，環境不遜色于專業的大型別墅度假酒店。整個區域內每10至15分鐘有電瓶車接送，招手即停，一直到晚上十點，前往沙灘、步行街與餐館都非常便捷?！分Z卡度假酒店公共泳池有好幾個，園林設計精致美觀?！鴷駮裉栒娴牟?想離開?！诮咏埠?的大泳池水面漂浮著一些漂浮物。可能由于我們去的時候是2月，是三亞最冷的季節，游泳的人并不算多，所以公共泳池不是非常干凈。別墅的泳池相對干凈不少。▲酒店的公共沙灘距離大多別墅區較遠，一般選擇電瓶車到達。坐著定時巡園的電瓶車吹吹風，來到私人海灘，沙灘上的人相當少，海邊的躺椅隨便坐?！?砂質蠻細膩的，可以打打沙灘排球。([]
最新章節： 第521章 韓國美國日本歐洲 （ 2023-02-05 05:44:14）
更新時間： 2023-02-05 05:14:31
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謝婉婷該貼記錄本人在美國游記的點點滴滴，分享給大家，供大家欣賞，希望廣大驢友強烈支持下實拍國立美國歷史博物館 這是我自己感覺最難寫的一個博物館，我最怕的是這個帖子最終變成了一堆片子，而我希望的是朋友們能和我一樣，在穿越這二百多年歷史的浮光掠影之后，能帶著一點思考。 國立美國歷史博物館，英文全名是“The National Museum of American History”，與以前介紹的航天航空博物館、和國立自然歷史博物館一樣，是世界上最大的博物館體系 — 史密森尼博物館（Smithsonian Institution）下屬的十六所博物館之一，亦是美國最大的歷史博物館。國立歷史博物館位于華盛頓國家廣場中段的北邊，東鄰以前介紹過的自然歷史博物館，南門遙對美國農業部。館舍長175米，縱深91.5米、高36.7米，是一個白色大理石的五層建筑，總面積75萬平方英尺，包括地下室、三層展廳、兩層辦公室和儲藏室，頂層是機械動力室。我去的時候圣誕節剛過，大廳里還佇立著有兩層樓高的圣誕樹。 美國歷史博物館的展區有三層，一層設農業技術、交通運輸、電話電信、紡織、醫藥等；第二層設第一夫人服飾、移民、昔日日常生活、移民發展等部門，三層設軍隊史、兵器、報紙、郵政、樂器、貨幣與紀念章、陶瓷器等部門。博物館的宗旨是“收藏、保管和研究影響美國人民經歷的物品”，展覽的主是表現美國人的生活，時間從美國獨立戰爭結束至當代，整個陳列反映了歐洲各國移民到達美洲大陸后艱苦創業，開發技術，共同努力創造一個統一的不斷發展的美利堅合眾國的歷史。與一般的歷史博物館不同，美國歷史博物館的展品不是按年代和地區陳列的，而是按專，這與美國歷史的短暫及藏品博雜很有關系。 新近開放了為911專辟的展區：911-歷史的見證。在那里，人們可以看到前紐約市長朱利安尼在紀念活動中帶過的帽子、來自各地的義務工作者在救援活動中使用過的工具、紐約警車殘骸以及無數的圖片與故事等，這些物品，忠實記錄著那一震驚世界的事件，更提醒人們對生命的尊重與生存的意義。這是被攻擊的美國五角大樓 9月11日那天飄揚的旗幟。 星條旗館區是必須看的，那里有1812年第二次對英戰爭中飄揚在麥克亨利堡上空的長14米，寬10米的大星條旗。 美國總統展區有很多實物，包括：美國第一任總統華盛頓的制服、戴過的假發和使用過的佩劍、杰佛遜起草《獨立宣言》時用過的辦公桌、杰佛遜使用過的圣經、林肯的帽子、盧瑟?？偨y的廣播話筒等?！? · 反映美國服飾的展廳里以白宮室內布置為背景，塑有自瑪莎·華盛頓以來歷屆美國第一夫人穿著禮服的蠟像，成為200年美國貴婦人服飾演變的史料展示。· 我最喜歡的是肯尼迪夫人的禮服，簡約卻唯美，透著十足的品位，某種程度上解釋了為什么她曾經會是最受上流社會男人追捧的女人。 奧巴馬夫人的禮服在我看來只是一件普通的晚禮服，從禮服上可以判斷，第一夫人的個子真的是好高喲?！? 順時針：林肯夫人、盧瑟福夫人、卡特夫人、和艾森豪威爾夫人的禮服。 對戰爭史有興趣的游客可以在第三層參觀關于越戰、炮艦、西點軍校、以及冷戰時期的陳列。這里還有貨幣、紀念章、防止品、印制品的展覽。這是南北戰爭時候火炮實物。 左：1838年Spencer發明的顯微鏡。右上：1844年摩爾電碼電報機鍵。右下：1888年柯達制作的第一臺照相機。 左上：1926年的1401蒸汽機模型。左下：1897年史蒂芬·巴隆制造的四輪輕型汽車。右：1846年Elias Howe發明的縫紉機。 左：1965年貝爾直升機為美國軍方制作的Huey65-10091，1966年參與了對越作戰。右：星球大戰制片人George Lucas制作的機器人角色R2-D2.在實際的電影中，這兩個機器人是穿著服裝的演員扮演的。 左：拳王阿里的拳擊手套和毛巾外披。右上：著名現代爵士樂圓號師 Dizzy Gillespie 在1972年-1985年間演奏使用的號，這圓號的扭曲處原本是偶然事故造成的，但他發現這樣的演奏效果更好。右下：邁克爾·杰克遜的帽子。 左上/右上：電影《綠野仙蹤》（The Wizard of OZ）里女主角穿的那雙著名的紅寶石鞋。左下：獅子王的面具。右下：著名卡通劇最早的模型。順時針：史上最著名的棒球運動員Babe Ruth名的棒球，奧運會冠軍的冰鞋和體操衫。 同時還有展區展出了18世紀郵局模型、古老郵票、和民族樂器等。最后我想花點時間專門說一下這個在一層展區的歷史實物：The Woolworth’s Lunch Counter （Woolworth餐館的午餐桌，作者譯）?！? 在1960年，黑人還不允許坐在北卡羅來納州Greensboro市 F.W.Woolworth 飯店的午餐桌子上吃飯，那時，種族的不平等在美國南方還是司空見慣的事情，不論是在飯館、衛生間、和其他公共場所，黑人都被“Jim Crow”這種族不平等的條理制約，無法獲得平等的選舉、租房、甚至外出就餐的權利。 1960年2月1日，四個黑人大學生來到這里、坐下、然后禮貌地點午餐，他們的要求被拒絕了，并被勒令離開，但是他們一直堅持坐在那里，這種被動和平的反抗方式點燃了美國年輕人中挑戰種族不平等運動的戰火，成百的學生、民權組織、教堂和社區的人員逐漸加入抗議，和Woolworth 飯店持續對峙了六個月。1960年7月25日，飯店最終不得不妥協，廢除了種族隔離的規定。 國立美國歷史博物館展示了美國不同時期歷史的演進過程，從南北戰爭、美國工業革命，到科學的進步歷程，美國史上的點點滴滴都有包含。瀏覽其中，仿佛走入歷史的畫卷，在了解一代代移民艱苦創業、體驗人文與科技的演變之余，你也許會更深地體會到，浩如星海的歷史并非僅僅由大事組成，每一次歷史變革都起源于我們普通百姓自己的爭取和努力，每一個普通人也時時刻刻在創造著歷史，也許因此，你會對生活和生命增添更多的期待和熱愛吧。你看你看它們的眼錢塘湖春行白居易孤山寺北賈亭西，水面初乎云腳低。幾處早鶯爭暖樹，誰家新燕啄春泥。亂花漸欲迷人眼，淺草才能沒馬蹄。最愛湖東行不足，綠楊陰里白沙堤。 前兩天貼了一組“亂花漸欲迷人眼”的圖片，突然就想起了這組馬的片子，好像只有配到一起才能對得起白翁。這組片子答應朋友很久了，要周末了，翻出來輕松一下。 曾有個朋友去新墨西哥州旅行，在沙漠地帶拍到一群野馬，很剽悍、很漂亮，讓我很羨慕。我們山里也?？吹?到野馬，貌似和鹿一樣，已經基本上不怕人了?！? 弗吉尼亞有很多牧場上經營著種馬場，主要是配種生殖參加賽馬比賽的公馬，也允許人去參觀，那里有很多漂亮的馬，我驚異的是它們看人的眼神，那里面有著一種審視和警覺。([]
島國二區三區島國二區三區四區桃紅
楊凱翔我徘徊，喔，我的上帝啊，在我年輕的時候，我走失了，離你是那么遙遠，我自己已變成了一片荒原。 ———奧古斯丁 我一定很疲憊了，也許我走了很長的路。 當我拖著沉重的步伐一路風塵回到久違的家中，我能夠深刻地感覺到周圍那些曾經一成不變的東西，再次試圖向我靠攏，并企圖徹底將我包圍，那些虛偽、不堪、惡劣、荒唐統統朝我涌來，甚至與我融為一體，以此來證明時間只不過是跟你開了個小小的玩笑。呵，多么可笑，你以為你能改變什么？不，你什么都不能，這一切早在命運之手的安排之中，你不要盤算著去改變什么，你也不可能改變什么。瞧吧，你唯一改變的，只在那一臉的歲月滄桑與面對現實的悲觀迷茫。你以為你得到了什么？其實，你失去的更多。 我又回到了原來的生活中，只不過，我老了。 …… 我在想象旅途結束后回到家中的情景，就好像在出發前總愛去想象路上可能發生的一切。我愛這樣去想著未來，天馬行空、漫無邊際，那些思想里的東西，有時似乎比夢中更加真實。我又常想，現在的行為會對未來造成怎樣的影響。我嘗試著去推理那種結果，那種有著一定關聯的結果。 在過去的那些歲月里，我似乎走入了一片荒漠，我饑渴地望著周圍，找不到一滴生命的甘泉。那種迷離的無奈，讓我無法找到前進的方向，甚至就在這片荒漠中迷失了自己。我渴望擺脫現狀，但無法甩掉悲觀。當發覺這種狀況的危害時，我猛然醒悟，想找回自己，卻又越走越遠。我思考著生命的意義，試想著一切結果。然而，無論結果如何，我們都要去面對，不是嗎？既然要去面對，那就大膽的向前走吧。因為我相信，身上的包袱，定會越走越輕，只要保持著堅定的信念，我們終會放下一切。 出發的前夜，我坐在電腦前，無所事事心情復雜。期待很久的旅行即將開始，除了興奮，還有惶恐。在這個年紀做出這種荒唐的舉動，似乎過于瘋狂。然而，事情就是這樣發生了，如昆德拉筆下的托馬斯，在面對抉擇時所說的——非如此不可！是的，于我來說，此次旅行的理由也就是這樣的——非如此不可！ 月初辭職，明日出發，我要暫時結束30多年渾渾噩噩的生活，走去心中向往已久的地方。長路漫漫，體力已無法同年輕時相比。因此，也不想太強迫自己，若是實在走不下去，或是坐車，或是回家。生活給了我們太大壓力，我們不該再給自己加壓。立一帖，看自己能走多遠。是記錄旅程，是分享心路，也是對枯燥乏味的徒步之旅的一個自我調節。希望得到各位的支持，您的支持，將是我最大的動力。 一路基本以露營為主，手機更貼。因此，碼字便會成為一種很費力的事，所以一路也基本以圖片及少量文字加以備注。背包整理完畢，稱重是21公斤，這還沒把水計算在內。路途遙遠，多一分重量，估計都會是提前結束旅程的直接原因。單反無法攜帶，圖片的質量就無法保證，只能用手機給大家帶些粗糙的場景，還請各位見諒。 此次計劃能夠成行，應感謝我的父母，是他們對我的理解和支持，才讓一切都這么順利。我只想對他們說，爸媽，請原諒我的自私，我要去遠行。就像艾蕪老人所說，遠行充滿著誘惑。而對我來說，遠行不僅僅是一種誘惑，那是一種釋放，更是一種尋覓。 一切的未知，就像今晚的夜空，靜謐而深邃、遼闊而邈遠。等待著我的，會是什么？對此，我一無所知。 期待與各位交流，若是有緣，我們路上見。 新浪微博：G舞華年 打包完畢，21.5公斤。洗漱包、腰包、兩部手機、手機自拍架。3升水袋、1升水壺。RZ口罩，公路徒步必備。一個自己做的旅行記事本，一本便攜版圣心，路上的精神糧食。LP護膝、護踝。雪套，防雨防泥。防雨罩、地墊、雨衣、帳篷桿、地釘、變色龍輕量背包。步林油氣兩用爐頭、火楓套鍋。凱樂石獵風7加強版沖鋒衣。兩個沖動寶，一個15000毫安電小二，一個10400毫安的羽博。一些必備的藥品。衣服、褲子、襪子天石各拉丹東睡袋。一把園藝鏟，從朋友車上拿的，可以挖帳篷排水溝，方便的時候挖個小坑。前方東林寺，我的第一站！來自Android客戶端前方東林寺，我的第一站！來自Android客戶端山路崎嶇不平，心有暢通大道。來自Android客戶端原本兩個小時不到的路程，因為背負太大，走了近三個小時。翻過東林大峽谷，我從廬山到達東林寺。 我在https//weibo.com/huwai8264?/8s23hZi來自Android客戶端走上鄉道來自Android客戶端這是一條未建成的公路，插過去可以少走很多路來自Android客戶端抄近路，結果被高速路攔住，路遇一小伙好心指路，翻過一坐山到了一個魚塘邊。休息一下，看人釣魚。 來自Android客戶端九江八里湖來自Android客戶端八里湖來自Android客戶端看到這個，一種莫名的孤獨感從心里涌出。 來自Android客戶端過了這座橋，到達長江二橋。來自Android客戶端以前問路，告知九江長江二橋允許行人不行，到了收費口，才知道是高速橋。往回走有五公里都是環湖路，中午抄近路爬山又把腳崴了，站在高速路口進退兩難，遇一卡車司機，愿意把我帶過江。上車一聊，也是戶外愛好者，天下驢友是一家，感謝九江部落戶外的胖子小七！ 我已現在湖北省黃梅縣105國道上。來自Android客戶端過九江長江二橋，我踏上了湖北省黃梅縣的土地。走了一段后坐在路邊一棟樓房門口歇息，門口一個姑娘在洗衣服，得知我要遠行，便問我要不要開水，謝過她的好意后，我便繼續向前走。這是縣城的郊區，路邊除了家具店、小超市、小飯店外，基本都是民房。問了遇上的人，附近幾公里都沒有旅館。天氣預報說今夜有陣雨，扎營就更加困難，不禁著急起來。再往前走，連小飯店都見不著了，除了民房，就是洗車修理鋪。天逐漸暗下，沒有吃的，找不到地方落腳，我開始沮喪起來。繼續走，腳底板的水泡疼的不能著地，渾身上下都開始鬧起意見。再走下去也不是辦法，于是決定攔車去5公里外的集市，也許那里可以解決我的溫飽問，泡個腳沖個澡，洗去一身的疲乏。??????? 20分鐘后，我坐上一輛電動小三輪。車主王大哥在我招手時并未停下，只是回頭看了一眼。車開出去大約200米處調頭，來到我身旁停下，問我剛才是不是叫他，我說想去前面的旅館，不知能不能搭一段。王大哥表示沒有問，并告知前面可能沒有旅館。果然在集市上轉了一圈，沒有發現一家可以提供住宿的地方。王大哥說50公里外的市鎮挺大，那邊一定有旅館，但天已完全黑下，路上很難搭到車了，而他的電瓶三輪跑不了那么遠了，提議讓我去他家住，只是條件有些簡陋，希望我不要嫌棄。面對如此熱情的人，我已不好再拒絕，加上人確實疲憊不堪，只得跟著王大哥回家。車在夜晚鄉間的小路上顛簸了半個小時，來到一間兩層樓前，外墻是紅磚，內墻同樣如此，這是一間毛坯房，昏暗的燈光印著四面墻，四張長凳一張桌子，基本沒有什么其它，更別說什么家電設備了。王大哥很窮，自己在外面打零工。離了婚，小兒子跟了前妻，大兒子跟著他過，但書讀不好，去了廣州打工。父母年事已高，母親有健忘癥，還帶著王大哥4歲的侄子。我拿出一塊德芙給他，小家伙高興的不得了。晚飯也在他家吃，炒了個雞蛋和青菜，還有自家做的腐乳。飯后已是八點半，他知道我一天疲勞，燒了開水給我泡腳，讓我早些休息。這一切都使我感動的不知如何是好，只覺得今天的運氣真好，能夠遇上許多好人。躺在睡袋里，想著今天遇到的一切，向我豎起大拇指的騎行大姐，給我指路的小伙，湖邊聊天的大學生，路邊給我喊加油祝我好運的小青年，把我當做討飯的又為我加滿一水袋甘甜泉水的大娘，搭我過江的老旅游胖子小七，要為我燒水的姑娘，還有這位好心留宿的王大哥，種種感動都讓我深信現在的自己是個幸福的人。薩特說他人是地獄，他可明白他人也是天堂！來自Android客戶端昨晚睡覺的地方。來自Android客戶端王大哥的車。一番囑咐后，與大哥分別，沿著105國道繼續前進。 來自Android客戶端原本打算在黃梅縣城休整一天，中午在阿慶嫂賓館訂了房，滿腳的水泡實在無法繼續前進，有了購自行車騎行的想法。百度只找到一家車行，不太理想?；氐铰灭^，老板娘的兒子說知道別的車行，并提議我可以騎車去五走寺看看，并騎車帶我去了兩家車行，仍不理想，于是決定退房去武漢再做打算。感謝小伙子的熱心幫助，祝阿慶嫂賓館生意興??！來自Android客戶端一個兄弟打來電話，讓我把銀行卡號告訴他，他要匯錢給我，為我買輛自行車。我說我要繼續向前走，他的好意只能心領。他責怪我出行前默不作聲，我說我不想驚動太多的人。 有些感情就像樹根一樣，你看不見，但就在那里，風吹樹葉的時候，誰又知道根也會動呢，這就是兄弟。今日徒步10公里，上午有一個多小時的時間，基本是坐在滿是灰塵的國道旁，盯著往來的車流發呆。腳上的水泡、肩膀腿部的酸痛拖慢了前行的步伐。昨晚幾乎一夜未眠，這使我產生出騎行的念頭，于是坐車來到武昌。找了家便宜的旅館安頓下來，想聽聽群里朋友的建議。之后去了快遞公司，把一些不太重要的裝備及衣物寄回去，減輕負重7斤。背包再上肩時，頓感輕松，信心倍增。晚飯熱干面，肚飽后沖個熱水澡，心情大好，身上的酸痛似也緩解。輕裝上陣，明日繼續。來自Android客戶端清晨的武漢下起了小雨，我在路上，繼續前行。 來自Android客戶端走到接近隧道的地方，被告知隧道不準行人同行，無奈只得往回走，從長江大橋過江。 來自Android客戶端就快到長江大橋了，休息一下。來自Android客戶端坐渡船過江，我在漢口。來自Android客戶端吃飽了，坐在路邊休息，來點音樂放松一下，打開手機卻響起了這首歌！你說你為何要如此傷感！ 來自Android客戶端晚飯青椒肉絲蓋澆飯、香菇烏雞湯、啤酒一瓶。 來自Android客戶端([]
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楊侑偉終于下決心開貼了，這次旅行回來已經一年多了，最近事情比較多，自己也對碼字很頭疼，今天瀏覽一番去年的旅游照片，再不寫點東西，有些事情的細節可能就會遺忘了。 喜歡旅游的人，對歐洲是很向往的，10多年之前已經去過二次，一次是單位的福利，走馬觀花的15天10多個國家，稀里糊涂的就結束了旅行。第二次是陪老媽跟旅行團去的，擺脫不了上車睡覺，下車尿尿，景區拍照，回來啥也不知道的結局?，F在歲數大了，有時間國內國外的到處走走看看，這幾年也走過不少地方，感覺歐洲還是值得再次深度旅游。 要想玩的好，那絕對不能跟旅游團，自己去的話，行程安排就是個頭疼的事情，歐洲那么大，幾乎每個角落都有可看可玩的地方，放棄任何地方都是可惜的事，一次玩遍歐洲的話，是件很費力的大事。對著地圖研究了很長時間，分兩次玩遍歐洲是最好的選擇，一次是從最南邊的土耳其開始，一路北下，貫穿歐洲到最北邊的北極圈。一次是以歐洲中部為主由東到西的環游，每次時間計劃在60天左右。 游遍歐洲的旅游計劃行程確定好了，讓老婆選擇先行路線，最后確定先走環游歐洲路線，交通工具是在德國法蘭克福租車自駕。 路線確定下來，下面就是證買機票訂旅店和租車，這些事情，有很多貼寫的很詳細，我就不再啰嗦，值得重點說的是，我們去歐洲的機票是北京經俄羅斯中轉到法蘭克福，已經到了俄羅斯了，為何不辦一個俄羅斯過境，順道去俄羅斯玩一次。申請德證完成后，又成功申請了俄羅斯二次過境證，每次不超過72小時。最后的行程是這樣的： 北京出發,法蘭克福進出，飛機在莫斯科經停,順路先去俄羅斯的圣彼得堡.然后到德國的法蘭克福,在法蘭克福租車，先去海德堡,維爾茨堡，走一段古堡之路，主要游覽德國南部眾多的古堡和小鎮。隨后到達布拉格，游玩東歐匈牙利,捷克,斯洛伐克三國。后進奧地利維也納。再反走阿爾卑斯之路，沿途欣賞色彩濃郁的阿爾卑斯山風光,在起伏平緩的丘陵地帶，峻峭的山峰、綠色的森林、古老的鄉村、浪漫的山谷,還有迷人的”世界最美鄉鎮”之稱的哈爾施塔特.隨后再次進入德國，重溫有濃郁色彩的德國小鎮和德國巴伐利亞國王的幾個皇宮。國王湖和天鵝堡是重點.緊接著就是期盼的瑞士風光，蘇黎世進入瑞士，日內瓦出瑞士進入法國，去法國西南部的普羅旺斯看薰衣草，而后去法國著名海濱城市尼斯.沿途游覽幾個法國城市后直奔西班牙巴塞羅那，觀賞馬德里附近的幾個古鎮，流連在各個充滿了伊斯蘭和古羅馬風味的特色城堡。最后去這次的最遠端葡萄牙的里斯本。返程途中游覽法國西北部海濱城市和盧瓦爾河谷。取道盧森堡到達科隆，走萊茵河谷經科布倫茨到美因茨后回到法蘭克福還車。再飛到莫斯科玩2天，最后回北京。預計57天,自駕路線大約1萬多公里。路線為：北京—莫斯科—圣彼得堡—莫斯科--法蘭克福--海德堡--維爾茨堡--班貝格--紐倫堡--布拉格--布拉迪斯拉發--布達佩斯--維也納--梅爾克修道院--哈爾施塔特湖--戈紹--薩爾茨堡—國王湖--阿爾卑巴赫—阿亨湖--瓦騰斯水晶--因斯布魯克---米騰瓦爾德--加米施-帕騰基興---上阿瑪高--林德霍夫宮--普蘭湖--菲森--新天鵝堡--列支敦士登--林道--圣加倫--施泰因--蘇黎世--盧塞恩--龍疆湖--因特拉肯--勞特布龍嫩--米倫—圖恩湖--施皮茨--伯爾尼--馬特洪峰--西庸古堡--洛桑--莫爾日--日內瓦--阿納西--阿維尼翁--薰衣草勝地瓦郎索勒—尼斯--戛納--馬賽--艾克斯--阿爾勒--阿格德--巴塞羅那--薩拉戈薩--馬德里—塞哥維亞--阿維拉--托萊多--格拉納達--科爾多瓦---塞維利亞--梅里達---里斯本--辛特拉--法蒂瑪-薩拉曼卡--布爾戈斯--維多利亞--圣塞瓦斯蒂安海濱--比亞里茨--巴約訥---波爾多---圖爾--楓丹白露宮--特魯瓦--盧森堡--科隆--科布倫茨--美因茨--法蘭克?！箍啤?京。圣彼得堡夏宮莫斯科紅場普羅旺斯看薰衣草世界最美鄉鎮”之稱的哈爾施塔特奧地利瑞士尼斯蔚藍海濱法國盧瓦爾河谷城堡西班牙葡萄牙 有了行程單，證就很好辦，住宿我們都是在BOOKING上提前訂好，基本上沒有變化。租車提前2個月預定，價格有優勢。 這次旅行，兩個人總花費包括證在內不到8萬元人民幣。 出門旅游最大的消費就是交通費，我們歐洲環游是自駕，做好行程后，在網上發帖尋找旅伴，有一對紹興夫婦與我們一啪即合，同步的申請證與訂住宿，四個人完成了整個行程，這樣，自駕這部分租車費，汽油費，過路費，存車費等四人均攤，費用自然降下來。 住宿費排名第二，根據各自對住宿條件的喜好程度，費用也參差不齊。我們的住宿平均55歐，基本上是中下水平。 飯費也占相當大的比例，我們自帶了電飯煲和電磁爐，大部分是自己做飯。在這么長時間總吃西餐人也會瘋的。自己做一些順口的食物，即能保證營養，費用也下降不少。早餐基本上是稀飯和自帶的咸菜，再煎雞蛋或煮雞蛋，配面包。中餐基本是自帶的面包加火腿和各種涂抹料，配牛奶和果汁與蔬菜。晚餐米飯，自做的一葷一素一湯。葡萄酒每晚一瓶是必不可少的節目，牛排，豬排，雞，魚是晚餐的主打菜。感覺與在國內自己做菜的費用相差不大，歐洲人在吃飯上是很便宜啊。簡單貼一個我們這次旅行的路線圖。從圖中可以看出，我們的旅行路線基本上就是中世紀神圣羅馬帝國的疆域。去一個地方旅游，應該簡單了解一下這些地區的歷史和人文及信仰。歐洲的歷史比較復雜，但從神圣羅馬帝國開始就簡單的多。這個神圣羅馬帝國與羅馬凱撒大帝時期的羅馬帝國完全是兩碼事。神圣羅馬帝國全稱為德意志民族神圣羅馬帝國或日耳曼民族神圣羅馬帝國，與962年建立，止于1806年。這是一個松散的政治聯邦，由王國、大公國、公國、侯國、宗教貴族領地和帝國自由城市組成，他們承認皇帝為最高權威，但各個王國又獨立自主?；实塾?七個選帝侯選舉產生。這其實就是現在歐盟的鼻祖。帝國的疆域包括近代的德國、奧地利、匈牙利、捷克、斯洛伐克、荷蘭、比利時、盧森堡，瑞士，西班牙，葡萄牙，法國東部、意大利北部和中部。帝國的發展歷史也是各諸侯國爭奪皇位的歷史，從15世紀初起，皇位均由奧地利哈布斯堡家族占據，查理五世（1519～1558）是最具代表性的一位君主。他們的大本營是奧地利，匈牙利和捷克斯洛伐克。進入17世紀以后，普魯士崛起，建立普魯士王國，隨之也就帶來了爭霸的戰爭。結局是奧地利哈布斯堡家族慘敗。能與神圣羅馬帝國相抗衡的只有高盧人，北歐，奧斯曼帝國和歐洲大陸之外的英國。拿破侖的出現打破了這個平衡，16個神圣羅馬帝國的成員脫離帝國，加入拿破侖邦聯。1806年拿破侖勒令神圣羅馬帝國皇帝弗朗茨二世于8月6日放棄神圣羅馬帝國皇帝尊號，僅保留奧地利皇帝稱號。宣告神圣羅馬帝國從此退出歷史舞臺。1815年，拿破侖戰爭結束，德意志邦國被并入組織松散的德意志邦聯，由奧地利領導。普魯士新國王威廉一世和卓越的政治家俾斯麥的出現，又一次打破僵局，鐵血宰相俾斯麥領導的普魯士與哈布斯堡家族領導的奧地利展開一場為爭奪霸權的普奧戰爭。站在普魯士方面的，有梅倫堡、奧爾登堡和北德意志的其他各邦，以及漢堡、不來梅和呂貝克3個自由市和意大利。站在奧地利方面的，有薩克森、漢諾威、巴伐利亞、巴登、符騰堡、黑森一加塞爾、黑森一達姆施塔德和德意志邦聯的其他成員國。從大邦國的數量和人口、面積來說，奧地利方面占有優勢。但是，從軍事實力來說，普魯士則顯然強于對方。但結局是普魯士大勝，1866年8月23日，奧地利完全退出舊的北德意志聯邦。隨后的普法戰爭，普魯士打敗法國，普王威廉一世登基為德國皇帝，德國成為歐陸最強的大國。到此，歐洲各國的格局基本形成?，F行的歐盟是不是復辟了過去的神圣羅馬帝國我們不得而知，但申根條約的實施卻對歐洲大陸的旅游提供了方便。第一天，行程開始。北京機場與紹興的旅友匯合，洲際航空UN8888 北京 - 莫斯科.起飛0040,到達.0440. 總時長8小時。我們都變成了追日的夸父，由于經緯度的變化，機窗外粉紅的彩帶一直伴隨了我們飛行的大部分時間，這是不是就是傳說的永不日落的晚霞？ 準時到達莫斯科伏努科沃VKO機場，出關也很順利。我們申請了俄羅斯過境證，機票就變為北京--莫斯科往返加莫斯科--法蘭克福往返，在莫斯科中轉不在同一個機場。今天我們要趕往圣彼得堡。 由于到達時間早，機場快線還沒有開始，但第一班公交車611路剛好到達。語言不通，但手機里有莫斯科地鐵的照片，拿給司機看，司機點頭。莫斯科的公交車沒有售票員，市民坐車基本都買公交卡，司機收了我們四人共100P，給一個卡。上車后，打卡才能通過類似公園大門的自動刷卡機進入車廂。來俄羅斯之前，也看過不少人寫的游記，都說俄羅斯人粗野，警察也會找麻煩。在車上，小心翼翼的拿出提前打印好莫斯科地鐵站名的紙片，與周圍人詢問下車的地方，還是有人會幫你，坐了將近一個小時，到站后，司機也喊我們該下車了。下公交車，坐紅色地鐵線去火車站。莫斯科的地鐵致是一個紅色大寫的“M”字，下車后，遠遠就能看到。從莫斯科去圣彼得堡的火車站在莫斯科地鐵紅線的Комсомольской（中文叫共青團站）(紅線跟環線的交叉站)站，這個站棕線上的站臺很漂亮。 俄羅斯人大多數不會講英語，去俄羅斯旅游，打印一些日常用語帶在身邊有很大的幫助。貼一些我找到的俄羅斯常用語。城市名字：1．莫斯科Москва 2．圣彼得堡Санкт-Петербург莫斯科景點：1．列寧墓 мавзолей ленина 2．圣瓦西里大教堂Храм Василия Блаженного 3．克林姆林宮Кремль 4．新圣女公墓Новодевичьекла́;дбище5．克里姆林宮Кремль6．紅場 красная площадь 7．歷史博物館 Государственный Исторический музей 8．瓦西里升天大教堂 Храм Василия Блаженного9．地下商場Охотный ряд10廣場манежная площадь 11．普希金造型藝術館 Государственный музей изобразительных искусств им. А.С. Пушкина 12．大劇院Большой Театр (Bolishoi Teatr 13．跳蚤市場Вернисаж （Vernisaj?。?14．莫斯科大馬戲團 Большой московский цирк 15.新圣女修道院Hоводевечий Монастырь 16特列季亞科夫畫廊Государственная третьяковскаягалерея1．十月火車站МОСКВА ОКТЯБРЬСКАЯ 2．庫爾斯克火車站МОСКВА КУРСКАЯ3．雅羅斯拉夫火車站 МОСКВА ЯРОСЛАВСКАЯ 4．白俄羅斯火車站МОСКВА БЕЛОРУССКАЯ 5．地鐵共青團站Комсомольской 6．圣彼得堡主火車站САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ-ГЛАВН.7．庫爾斯克地鐵站КУРСКАЯ 8．白俄羅斯地鐵站БЕЛОРУССКАЯ9．起義廣場地鐵站Площадь Восстания10．游擊隊站（跳蚤市場）Партизанская 11．麻雀山站Воробьёвы горы12．大學站Университет 13．基督救世主教堂Храм ХристаСпасителя14．老阿爾巴特街Старая улица Арбат15．莫斯科的列寧格勒火車站： MOSKVA OKTYABR'SKAYA 16．全俄展覽中心地鐵站：ВДНХD．日常用語：1．地鐵 метро2．入口 вход（夫貨的） 3．出口 выход（威貨的）4．售票處 касса5．票 билет 6．廁所 туалет（阿列特）7．謝謝 спасибо 8．對不起 извините9．火車站 вокзал；Железнодо10．公共汽車 автобус 11．退票 возврат билета.12．票數билет в Суздаль в13．時間 пожалуйста.14．銀行банк（班克）15．注冊就是暫住證регистрация 16．行李寄存處Камера хранения17．城際列車Пригородный поезд 18．直達謝爾蓋耶夫的城際列車站Ярославский Вокзал 19．汽車站остановка 20．硬臥плацкарт, platzkart. 21．純軟臥那種мягкий22．軟臥包廂купе(kupe)圣彼德堡景點： 1．彼得宮城（夏宮）Петродворец 2．普希金城（皇村）Царское Село3．巴甫洛夫斯克ПАВЛОВСК 4．克魯泡特金地鐵站Кропоткинская 5．葉卡捷琳娜宮ДворецЕкатерины 6．斯莫爾尼宮ДворецСмольный 7．滴血大教堂Спас на Крови 8．尤蘇波夫宮Юсуповский дворец 9．彼得保羅要塞Петропавловская Крепость食物：1．紅菜湯（羅宋湯）．Борщ 2魚子醬Икра 3．煎餅Блины 4．烤肉Шашлык 5．克瓦斯Квас 6．三文魚семга 7．某種紅鱒魚форель 8．少鹽的слабосоленный 9．煙熏的подкопченный 10．礦泉水негазированный出地鐵站首先看到的建筑。 回頭看是地鐵出站口。 這里有3個火車站（喀山，亞羅斯拉夫，列寧格勒），我們當時也不知道那個是去圣彼得堡的火車站，拿著打印好的紙片問旁邊的警察，警察很熱心的指給我們看對面。我拿出相機拍對面的火車站，把警察攝入也沒有引起他的不滿意。誰說莫斯科警察不好惹？ 我拍照時，一對年輕情侶過來主動要求拍照，并作出夸張的表情，與我們做友好的互動，霎時間，對莫斯科民眾的那些不友好傳說完全消失。 買票時得知，今天早晨去圣彼得堡的快速火車只有兩趟車，現在已經沒有票了，下午有一班車，只有幾張剩票。趕緊掏錢買票。價格是真心貴。這就是我們不懂外文的弊病，如果能在國內提前在俄羅斯鐵網上訂票，不僅不會發生這樣的事，價格還會便宜不少。 改變計劃，先存包在火車站，在附近吃早飯，然后坐地鐵去紅場。 大街一角矗立著列寧的雕像。列寧是俄羅斯蘇維埃聯邦社會主義共和國（世界上第一個社會主義國家）的締造者、布爾什維克黨的創始人、十月革命的主要領導人、第一屆蘇維埃政府人民委員會主席。我在很小的時候就看過原蘇聯錄制的描寫列寧一生的電影----“列寧在1918”。如果沒有列寧，蘇聯也可能會走向大部分歐洲皇家變革的君主立憲制。如果真是那樣，世界的格局不知道要變成什么樣子？ 莫斯科地鐵票已經漲價。單次票40P。20次票540P，進入后，可以隨意轉車，也可以多人使用一張卡。 貼一張莫斯科地鐵圖和紅場周圍景點圖。 莫斯科地鐵車廂太落伍了，沒有空調，上邊有個小窗戶開著，跑起來后聲音震耳欲聾，倒是可以吹點涼風進來。中國中車可以打進俄羅斯市場，提供些現代化的車廂了。 車廂不怎么樣，但地鐵站太值好好看看了，索科爾站的蒼穹頂、斯摩棱斯克站的圓柱式大廳、基輔站的巨大拱門大廳和巨型壁畫(以十月革命為主)、白俄羅斯站的英雄群雕、諾沃斯洛波德站的民族風格壁畫、普希金站詩一般的圣潔、高爾基站(現改名為特維爾站)的神韻，以及最美麗的被譽為“20世紀建筑藝術精品”的馬雅可夫斯基站..... 坐地鐵來到紅場（Okhotnt ryad，紅線，綠線，藍線的交叉站）。紅場的意思是“美麗的廣場”，“紅色”在俄語里包含“美麗”的意思。地面全部由條石鋪成，既獨特又顯得古老而神圣。紅場是莫斯科人的驕傲，它是莫斯科的中心廣場，見證了莫斯科的歷史變化。首先來到二戰英雄朱可夫騎馬的雕像前，他身后是國家歷史博物館。我們只有上午的一點時間，只能走馬觀花看看紅場的外景了。 朱可夫騎馬雕像的右前方是國家杜馬。 國家博物館的右邊，在俄羅斯式的凱旋門前有一個藍頂綠墻的小教堂，教堂門口有人圍著的地上有個銅的圓環，這個就是莫斯科的市中心的志，站上去扔個硬幣吧，據說是可以帶來好運。([]
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魏雅芳樓上的南初?；涨逦梢娦@內綠地南初的學子們 南洋初級學院（Nanyang Junior College）是中正總校及分校的附屬初院，簡稱南初。 南初成立于1978年,開辦的是兩年制大學預修班課程。除了推行英文與母語雙語教學,為學生提供文科與理科課程外,學生也可以根據自己的志向、能力和興趣跨學科學習。 南初開辦的特別課程包括美術及華文語文特選課程。該校課程的一大特色是較具靈活性，允許在中學沒有修讀某些科目的學生，上初院后修讀。相當于國內的高中。 南初有一百三十多位受過專業訓練的教師,在教學方面,采用講堂課與小班輔導制,再加上實際體驗與實踐等。 新加坡1979年實行小學分流制度，1981年實行中學分流制度，根據學習成績進入不同性質的班級。新加坡政府中學中4畢業，參加“O”水準會考。每年考試于11月舉行。中學畢業生憑考試成績選擇未來的求學道路。有的升讀初級學院，進而考取A水準會考證書，再升大學；有的學生選擇就讀理工學院。還有的到工藝教育學院學到一技之長。 新加坡是沒有高中，或者沒是沒有定義成高中的學制，只有初級學院。也就說新加坡高中就是新加坡的初級學院。 新加坡有19所初級學院，而這19所初級學院升入到新加坡國立大學，南洋理工大學，新加坡管理大學的升學率高達80%，所以我們也把這19所初級學院稱之為通往世界名牌大學的成功之路。 裕廊初級學院是新加坡唯一一所直接招收國際學生的初級學院，新加坡學校沒有正式的排名，但是通過A LEVEL的升學率，裕廊初級學院屬于中上等水平，考入本地公立大學和海外名牌大學的升學率高達90%。 南初也是19所初級學院中的一所，我們到這里進行了簡單的參觀，感受了一下新加坡的初級教育的學校環境和教育狀況。感受新加坡之一——漫步島國看獅城 干凈清新亦繁華（概述篇） https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2172957-1-1.html感受新加坡之二——休閑小島走不停 亞洲最南尋風情（圣淘沙篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2182169&page=1&extra=#pid50347652感受新加坡之三——參天巨樹生滿園熱帶風情綠無限（植物園篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2231866&page=1&extra=#pid53500784感受新加坡之四——綠意充盈總統府世外桃源烏敏島（總統府和烏敏島篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2253589&page=1&;extra=#pid55203314感受新加坡之五——海風輕拂魚尾獅 流光溢彩夜遲遲（濱海灣篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2255988-1-1.html感受新加坡之六——獅城國花胡姬花千姿百態芬芳開（胡姬花篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&;tid=2299743&page=1&extra=#pid58352540感受新加坡之七——小印度里尋縮影甘榜格南回族情（新加坡河等篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2322447-1-1.html感受新加坡之八——立體交通路縱橫街道小區綠充盈（交通和街道篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2326625-1-1.html 感受新加坡之九——獅城春節氣息濃牛車水里最喜慶（春節和牛車水篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2330106-1-1.html 感受新加坡之十一——享譽全球名高校 環境優雅美校園（南大篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2354269-1-1.html 校園的宣傳欄 大樓門口處 校內的閱讀欄 學習室 校園內的各類語 教室 參觀學習室 塑膠運動場 小禮堂 學校的榮譽柜 學校的榮譽柜 在榮譽柜前讀書 校園內外的環境 校內環境 教學樓前 相互交流 學習室 校內環境 整潔的通廊 網絡教學室 教室內環境 學習室 大課教學室 學生布置的美術室 學生繪畫作品 校內環境 校內環境 干凈的通廊 樓梯間
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劉千康一夜火車，兩個人稍顯困頓，火車晚點，原本7點左右到站的，都七點半了也沒有進站的趨勢，于是我們開始了神智不清的各種推測：“難道這趟火車不停站而是選擇到站自行跳車嗎？”“啊，不是吧，空降？...”逛吃逛吃逛吃逛吃的我們終于到達嘉興站！天空飄著蒙蒙細雨，鉆進鼻腔的空氣清透涼爽，南方的冷果然是有質感的，是一種近乎玻璃一樣通透的濕涼。在火車站迷糊了一會決定打車去烏鎮，司機大叔顯得有點酷，不怎么講話，沒睡醒的我們也顯得不是那么精神。打車的發票被留下來了，111元，盡管有點小貴，但~四十分鐘左右終于來到了西柵游客服務中心！我們已經瞅到了烏鎮的樣子！于是屬于北方漢子專有的吃驚出現了，南方的冬天還有這么多綠色哇，柳樹竟然像是初春的樣子耶，花兒明明就是含苞待放的狀態嘛??！接著是一頓瘋狂拍照，恨不得翻滾在綠色草地上！如果說南方的冬天如一位亭亭玉立的少女，那么北方的冬天完全就是一個聰明絕頂的老頭了([
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王鳳以Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.為了讓楊同學的傳奇能讓全世界的驢友分享，俺決定把楊同學的帖子翻譯成英文。為了避免麻煩，俺先來個免責聲明：1。楊同學不認識俺，也沒有授權俺，如果他說不要翻譯了那俺就隨時終止；2。俺沒有商業目的，譯版版權歸楊同學，俺啥也不要，也不承擔法律責任；3。沒有楊同學授權，不敢擅自發在國外網站，發在原帖處，榮譽歸8264；4。俺英語水平有限，歡迎指正，歡迎轉貼。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感謝大伙兒支持和加分，不一一回復了。特別感謝多啦，希望能有機會一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差點兒沒找到俺自己的帖子，原來變色了。多謝各位鼓勵。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([
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